<p>ãç ´çªå®çãæ¯ç®¡çå¸ä¸ä¸åååéè¦ççè«ãç ´çªå®ççèµ·æºä¾èª1982å¹´ä¸ç¯åç»å¨ãThe Atlantic MonthlyãåçºãBroken Windowsãçæç« ï¼å¦æå¤§å®¶æèè¶£ççéç¯æç« ï¼å¯å°ä»¥ä¸ç¶²åï¼<a href="https://media4.manhattan-institute.org/pdf/_atlantic_monthly-broken_windows.pdf">https://media4.manhattan-institute.org/pdf/_atlantic_monthly-broken_windows.pdf</a>ãç¶ç¶ï¼æç°¡å®çæ¹æ³éæ¯ç¹¼çºé±è®æ¬æã</p>
<p>å¨ä¸å年代䏿ï¼ç¾åæ°æ¾¤è¥¿å·å ¬ä½ä¸åæ¹åå·å §æ²»å®çè¨åï¼åçºãSafe and Clean Neighorhoods Programã(æ¹åæ²»å®å·¥ç¨) ï¼å¨è¨åå §ï¼å·å §åååå¸éè¦å®æè¦å¯å¨å¸å §å·¡éï¼é²æ¢ç½ªæ¡ç¼çã以å¾ï¼è¦å¯æ¯ä¸éè¦å°èå·¡éçï¼åªéè¦çå®å¨è¦å±å §çå¾ ä»»åãç¶å·æ¿åºå ¬ä½éè¨åå¾ï¼èµ·åå¼èµ·äºåç·çä¸é»ä¸æ»¿ï¼å çºéè¨å代表ä»åéè¦æ´å¤æ¶å¤çå·¥ä½ï¼å°¤å ¶æ¯æ¡å£å¤©æ°£ä¸æ´å è¾è¦ãäºå¯¦ä¸ï¼ä»¥å¾æäºè¦å±æå©ç¨æ¶å¤å·¡éä½çºå°æäºè¡¨ç¾ä¸å¥½è¦å¡çæ²ç½°ãç±æ¼éæ¿çæ¯ç±å·æ¿åºæ¨è¡å仿¬¾çï¼æä»¥å³ä½¿åç·ä¸æ»¿ï¼æ¿çéæ¯ç¹¼çºå·è¡ã</p>
<p>å¨è¨å實è¡äºäºå¹´å¾ï¼ç¶å±å°æ¼éæ¿çé²è¡äºç 究檢è¨ï¼ä¸¦ç¼ç¾äºä¸åååç¹å¥ççµæã卿¿ç實è¡äºå¹´å¾ï¼åå §ç罪æ¡çä¸¦æ²ææ¹åãä½æè¶£çæ¯ï¼ç¶å°çå± æ°å»å çºäºéè¨åçå·è¡èèªçºç¤¾åè®å¾æ´å®å ¨ï¼ä»åçè³æ¸ä½äºä¸äºå®¶ä¸é é²ç½ªæ¡ç¼ççè¨æ½ãçºç麼æåºç¾éåçä¼¼æé»çç¾çç¾è±¡å¢ï¼</p>
<p>åä¾äººåå°æ¼åå §æ²»å®åé¡çæè¦ºï¼é¤äºä¾èªåå §çæ£çç¯ç½ªè¡çº(ä¾å¦ï¼æ¶å«ãæ®ºäººãæ¾ç«ç) ï¼éæä¸å¤§é¨åç´ æ¯ä¾èªä»åæ¥å¸¸å¨è¡ä¸è¦å°çç°å¢ï¼ä¾å¦ä»¥ä¸çæ æ¯é½æè®äººè¦ºå¾ä¸å®ï¼çè³è¦ºå¾æ²»å®è®å·®ï¼</p>
<ul>
<li>åå §æå¤§éçé²å®¿è ï¼ä»åæé¨å°ç¡è¦ºï¼</li>
<li>è¡ä¸é¨è齿è¡ä¹è ï¼</li>
<li>å°è齿¯éé 佬ï¼</li>
<li>賣淫活å</li>
</ul>
<p>ä¸é¢æå°éäºæ´»åå³ä½¿æç¯ç½ªæä»½ï¼ä½è實說ï¼å°æ¼çæ´»å¨é裡çå± æ°ä¾èªªï¼ä¸¦ä¸ææ§æçéº¼çæ£çå¨è ï¼ä½æ¯å± æ°å¿çä¸ç¸½æè¦ºå¾éäºæ´»åæè®ç¤¾åæ²»å®è®å·®ãç¶è¦å¡æ¯å¤©åºå®å·¡éæï¼ä»åèªç¶ä¸è½å°ä¸è¿°è¡çºè¦èä¸è¦ï¼ä»åä¹è¨±è¦ºå¾èçä¸é¢çåé¡ï¼ä¸¦çæ£æè³æ´å ç°¡å®ãä¾å¦ï¼ç¶è¦å¯è¦å°éé 佬å¨å ¬ç¾è¡çºä¸æª¢æï¼å°±æå¸¶ä»åè¦å±ï¼åä¾å¦è¦å¯æå®¹è¨±é²å®¿è åå¨è¡ä¸ï¼å»ä¸æå®¹è¨±ä»åç¡å¨å°ä¸ï¼å çºè¦å¯å¨å·¡éæèçäºä¸é¢ä¸å°åé¡ï¼å¨å± æ°ç¼ä¸ç¤¾å好忴é½äºå¾å¤ï¼ä»åä¹å æ¤èªçºç¤¾æå çºè¦å¯çå·¡éèè®å¾æ´å å®å ¨ãå ¶å¯¦éä¸å乿¯æºèªå± æ°çå¿çï¼</p>
<p>ç¶è¡ä¸å¤äºè¦å¯ï¼äººåå¿çä¸æè¦ºå¾æ²»å®æ¯ä»¥å好å¾å¤ï¼åä¹äº¦ç¶ã妿䏿£å¤§æ¨ä¸æä¸åçªæ¶ç ´çäºï¼ä½è¯ä¹ æ²æç¶ä¿®ï¼å¤§å®¶æ¼¸æ¼¸å°±æç¼ç¾å¤§æ¨è¶ä¾è¶å¤ç ´å£äºççªæ¶ï¼æ æ³ä¸æ·æ¡åãèµ·å第ä¸åç ´çççªæ¶ä¹è¨±æ¯å çºèªç¶å ç´ ç ´å£çï¼ä¾å¦ï¼å¼·é¢¨ãä½é¨å¾è¢«ç ´å£çç»çå¾å¯è½æ¯äººçºçãç¶äººåè¦å°é£å¤§æ¨æç ´çªæ²æåæç¶ä¿®ï¼å°±æè¦ºå¾éå°æ¹æ¯æ²æäººç®¡ççï¼ä»åå°±æå°å ¶ä»ççªæ¶é½ç ´å£ï¼ä»åçç¨æå¾å¯è½åªæ¯çºäºæ¨è¶£ï¼è䏿¯çºäºç¯ç½ªä½æ¡ï¼éå°±æ¯ç ´çªå®çãç ´çªå®çå訴æåï¼ç¶åé¡åºç¾çæåï¼æåå¿ éè¦åæ©é»æ¢ï¼å¦åéåé¡å°±æè¿ é伸延ï¼å¼ç¼æçºå´éçåé¡ã</p>
<p>æé¦æå°è¦å¯å¢å å·¡éï¼äººå覺å¾ç¤¾åæ²»å®æ¹åçæ¡ä¾ï¼æ£æ¯ç ´çªå®ççåè¯çãç¶ç¤¾åå¤äºè¦å¯å·¡éï¼äººåå°±ç¥éèªå·±çè¡çºæ¯æå·æ³äººå¡æç£è¦çãè¦å¯å°æ¼ä¸äºç¶å¸¸å°æ°ç¾ç¢çæ»æ¾çè¡çºå 以嶿¢ï¼ä¾å¦ï¼é²å®¿è åéé 佬çï¼ç¶äººåç¥éç¤¾åæ¯æäººç®¡çæï¼å¿çä¸å°±æèªçºç¤¾åæ¯å®å ¨çï¼èèªå·±å°æ¼èªå·±çè¡çºä¹æææè¦èï¼ä¾å¦ä¸æåçºæ¨è¶£è飲éé ï¼ç¶å¾åèµ·ç³é åæåä¸èµ·ç ¸å大æ¨ççªæ¶ãç ´çªå®çå°±æ¯ç¤¾åçæ²»å®å çºè¦å¯ç管çèçèµ·ä¾è®å¥½çåå ã</p>
<p>å¨1969å¹´ï¼ç¾åå¿çå¸å®¶è²å©æ®·æ´¥å·´å¤é²è¡äºä¸åæéç ´çªå®çç實é©ãä»å å°ä¸é¨æ²ææä¸è»çï¼èä¸å¼æè被æéäºçç§å®¶è»æ¾å¨ç´ç´å°åå¸æå æ¯( Bronx ) è¡é ï¼éé¨è»çé åæé¡¯æ¯æ³å訴路人ï¼ã鿝ä¸é¨å·²ç¶è廢äºçè»ããä½çºå°æ¯ï¼ä»å°å¦ä¸é¨å®æ´çè»æ¾å¨å å©ç¦å°¼äºå·çå¸ç¾ 奧å( Palo Alto) ã</p>
<p>çµæï¼é£é¨æ³å¨å¸æå æ¯çè»å䏿¶ååéå°±éå§è¢«äººç ´çäºãç¬¬ä¸æ¹ç ´å£è»åçæ¯ä¸åå®¶åºï¼å奿ç¸ç¸ã媽媽åä»åçå©åï¼ä»åå¾è»åä¸åå»äºé»æ± 忣ç±å¨ã卿¥ä¸ä¾çä¸å¤©ï¼éè¼å¯æçè»åéåèä¸åç人çç ´å£ï¼æå¾éæ¶è»ä¸é¢ä»»ä½æå¹å¼çæ±è¥¿é½è¢«å·å»äºãæè¶£çæ¯ï¼å¤§å®¶å¯è½æä»¥çºç ´å£éè»åçå¿ å®æ¯å£äººï¼ä½å¾è§å¯é¡¯ç¤ºï¼ç ´å£è å ¶å¯¦åªæ¯æ£å¸¸è·¯äººï¼å¦ä¸é¢æå°ï¼ç¬¬ä¸åç ´å£è»åçæ¯ä¸åå®¶åºï¼ é足以証æï¼åªè¦ä¸æ¨£æç¼ºé·çæ±è¥¿æ¾å¨äººåé¢åï¼è¶³ä»¥å¼èµ·äººåä½åºä¸è¯è¡çºçèªå ï¼èéäºäººçå¿æ ä¸èµ·åå¯è½å®å ¨æ²ææ³éåéæ³çäºæ çï¼éå°±æ¯ç ´çªå®çææä¹èã</p>
<p>å¨å¦ä¸éå»ï¼é£é¨è¢«æ³å¨å¨å©ç¦å°¼äºå·çå¸ç¾ 奧åçè»åï¼è¶³è¶³ä¸åææä¹æ²æå ¶ä»äººçæãæ¥èï¼è²å©æ®å©ç¨å¤§éå¨è»ä¸ç ¸äºä¸ä¸ï¼é æäºä¸äºç ´çï¼çµæè»å卿¥ä¸ä¾çæ¸å°æå被éè¿ç路人徹åºç ´å£äºã鿣æ£å¯ä»¥å¼·åç ´çªçè«çéé»ï¼å¦æä¸åç ´å£çç»çæ²æå¾å°åæä¿®çï¼å¾å¿«å°±æé ææ´å¤§çç ´å£ã</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p> ;</p>
<p>#æ£æ #æç« #åµå¿ #æ£è½é #嵿 #å¿ç #å¯¦é© #ä¸å¸ #å°å¸ #å¹¼ç¨å #æ·å²#嵿° #æ·å²</p>
<p>å ¨æ¬æ¸çï¼</p>
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="9Wd65QbVNO"><p><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/learn-creative-ep/">ãæ·ºè«åµæå¸ãè¶³æ¬ç</a></p></blockquote>
<p><iframe title="&#8220;ãæ·ºè«åµæå¸ãè¶³æ¬ç&#8221; &#8212; Ben å¥å¥æè©±å " class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://www.benarticle.com/learn-creative-ep/embed/#?secret=9Wd65QbVNO" data-secret="9Wd65QbVNO" width="600" height="338" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></p>
<p> ;</p>
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="iXn9QPW0n8"><p><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/inspiration-book-ep/">ãçæ³äººçèªªææ¸ãè¶³æ¬ç</a></p></blockquote>
<p><iframe title="&#8220;ãçæ³äººçèªªææ¸ãè¶³æ¬ç&#8221; &#8212; Ben å¥å¥æè©±å " class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://www.benarticle.com/inspiration-book-ep/embed/#?secret=iXn9QPW0n8" data-secret="iXn9QPW0n8" width="600" height="338" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></p>
<p> ;</p>
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="vjMcFPcPNG"><p><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/learn-management-book/">ãæ·ºè«ç®¡çå¸ã颿æä¸æ´æ°</a></p></blockquote>
<p><iframe title="&#8220;ãæ·ºè«ç®¡çå¸ã颿æä¸æ´æ°&#8221; &#8212; Ben å¥å¥æè©±å " class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://www.benarticle.com/learn-management-book/embed/#?secret=vjMcFPcPNG" data-secret="vjMcFPcPNG" width="600" height="338" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></p>
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="ywPayMjcp2"><p><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/somthing-seller-wont-tell-you-ep/">ãååºä¸æåè¨´ä½ çæ±è¥¿ã</a></p></blockquote>
<p><iframe title="&#8220;ãååºä¸æåè¨´ä½ çæ±è¥¿ã&#8221; &#8212; Ben å¥å¥æè©±å " class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://www.benarticle.com/somthing-seller-wont-tell-you-ep/embed/#?secret=ywPayMjcp2" data-secret="ywPayMjcp2" width="600" height="338" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></p>
<p> ;</p>

管理第四式:破窗定理(一) :理論篇

