
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="éç¯æç« éæ¼å¿çå¸çç ´çªçè«-broken-windows-theory">éç¯æç« éæ¼å¿çå¸çç ´çªçè«(Broken windows Theory)</h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="ç ´çªçè«-broken-windows-theory"><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color">ç ´çªçè«(Broken windows Theory)</mark></h3>



<p>1982å¹´ç±ç¾åå¨ç¾æ£®(James Q. Wilson)åå±æ(George L. Kelling)éå ©ä½ç¯ç½ªå¸å®¶æåºäºç ´çªçè«ã ç ´çªçè«æ¯æå¦æå¨ä¸åº§å¤§å»ä¸ï¼å ¶ä¸ä¸åçªåæå£äº, èåæ²æ人ä½åºåæä¿®è£ï¼å ¶ä»äººä¾¿æ覺å¾éå°åæ¯ç¡äººç®¡çç, å¾èå¼ç¼æ´å¤äººæç ´å ¶ä»çªåãéçè«å訴æåçæ¯, ä»»ä½ä¸è¯çè¡çºé½æ¯æå³ææ§ç, å¦æä¸å 以å¶æ¢, 便æ縱容æ´å¤ç人ååºéä¸è¯çè¡çºã</p>



<p>çºäºè¨¼æç ´çªçè«çåå¨ï¼ç¾åæ¯å¦ç¦å¤§å¸å¿çå¸å®¶è²å©æ®·è¾å·´æ(Philip Zimbardo).æ¾ä¾äºå ©è¼ä¸æ¨¡ä¸æ¨£çæ±½è», ä»æå ¶ä¸ä¸è¼æ¾å¨å¸ç¾ é¿ç¾æçä¸ç¢ç¤¾åï¼ å¦ä¸è¼è»ååæ¾å¨æ²»å®ç¸å°æ··äºçç´ç´å¸æå æ¯ç¤¾å. ç¶å¾ ï¼ä»æåå¨ç´ç´å¸æå æ¯ç¤¾åè»åçè»çåè»é æå»ï¼çµæä¸ç¨ä¸å¤©, åå¨å¸æå æ¯ç¤¾åçè»åå·²ç¶è¢«å·å»ãç¸å, åå¨å¸ç¾ é¿ç¾æä¸ç¢ç¤¾åçè»åç¶éä¸ææä¾ç¶å®å¥½ç¡ç¼ºãç¶å¾,è²å©æ®åæåå¨å¸ç¾ é¿ç¾æçè»åçç»çæç¢. çµæ令人é©è¨çæ¯ï¼è»åä¸ç¨ä¸å°æå·²ç¶è¢«äººå·å»äºã</p>



<script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5827717744962750"
 crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- Display Ad -->
<ins class="adsbygoogle"
 style="display:block"
 data-ad-client="ca-pub-5827717744962750"
 data-ad-slot="7777107619"
 data-ad-format="auto"
 data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins>
<script>
 (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
</script>



<p>以ä¸ä¾åæ£æ£åæ äºç ´çªçè«çåå¨. å¦æ社æä¸åºç¾ä¸äºä¸å°çè¡çº, èæ¿åºåæªæç«å³å¶æ¢ï¼ 便æè®äººç¢çä¸ç¨®ç¡åºçæ覺, 縱容æ´å¤äººãè·é¢¨ãåå£äºã</p>



<p>ç¸å, å¦ææååç¨ç ´çªçè«, æå便å¯ä»¥æçµç¤¾æä¸/å ¬å¸å §ä¸å°ä¸è¯çè¡çº. èåä¾å說æ: ç´ç´å¸å¨80年代çæå, æ²»å®æ¯ååå·®ç. ç´ç´çå°éµæ´æ¯ç½ªæ¡æº«åº. 人åå¨å°éµä¸é¨èçå¡é´, éæ¯è²©å©ç¨å°éµä½çºäº¤æçå ´æ. å¨90年代, ç´ç´å¸æ±ºå¿ææ罪æ¡. çºäºè¡¨ç¤ºå ¶æ±ºå¿, ç¶å±æå°éµå §ææå¡é´æ¸ æ´ã èµ·å, æ»äºä»½åå¨å°éµæ¸ æ´å¾æå次å¡é´. ä½ç¶å±æçºææå¡é´æ´»å,æçµè§£æ±ºäºå¡é´åé¡. ä¹å¾, ç¶å±åç¼è¦ºå°éµçé票åé¡ååå´é, èä¸ä»åç¼ç¾é票ç人å¾å¾é½æ¯ç¯ç½ªä»½åãçµæ, ç¶å±æçºææé票ç人ï¼éè¡åææå¤çæ¶ç©«, æ¯7å被æä½é票ç人便æ1å人æ¯éç·ç¯, æ¯20å人便æ1 人æææ¦å¨. ç¶æçºçææ, ç´ç´ç罪æ¡ç大çºéä½ã</p>



<p>總çä¾èªª, ç ´çªçè«å»ºè°æåçµç¹/åé«åºç¾è² é¢çäºä»¶æ, æåè¦é¦¬ä¸å¶æ¢, å¦åè² é¢çäºä»¶æå¾å¿«å³æéå», åææ´å´éçå¾æ.</p>



<p><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/positive-luckydraw-curse/">延伸é±è®ï¼å½©å¸çè©å</a></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="ç ´çªå®å¾-å¥äººæ¢ç¶éåäºè¦å-æä¹è½éåè¦å"><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color">ç ´çªå®å¾ï¼å¥äººæ¢ç¶éåäºè¦åï¼æä¹è½éåè¦åï¼</mark></h3>



<p>è¡çºå¿çå¸å®¶åºæ¯·å±å(Kees Keizer) åéå¨ä¸ååè»å ´é²è¡äºä¸å實é©ï¼éååè»å ´æ¬èº«ææ¸ååºå£ï¼æ¹ä¾¿è»ä¸»åè»ãå·¥ä½äººå¡æ æå°å ¶ä¸ä¸åæ¹ä¾¿çåºå£å©ç¨åæ¿æèï¼ä¸é¢è²¼çä¸å¼µå示說ï¼ãæ¤è·¯ä¸éãå¦éåè»ï¼è«ç±å¦ä¸å ¥å£é²å ¥è»å ´ï¼é£åºå£è·é¢éè£ä½ç½®ç´180ç±³ããç¹å¥çå°æ¹æ¯ï¼å·¥ä½äººå¡å¨é£å¡åæ¿ä¸éäºä¸åæ´å£ï¼å¦æè»ä¸»ä¸è½æ示ç話ï¼ä»å大å¯ä»¥è¹²ä¸èº«åç´æ¥é²å ¥è»å ´ï¼éç¶éæ¯éåäºè»å ´çè¦åã</p>



<p>å¨éåè»å ´å ¥å£æéçåæ¬ï¼ä¸é¢è²¼çä¸åå示ï¼å¯«èï¼ãç¦æ¢å°å®è»éå¨åæ¬ä¸ããéæ¯å¯¦é©çéé»ï¼å·¥ä½äººå¡å°å¯¦é©è¨å®çºå ©ç¨®æ æ³ã第ä¸ç¨®æ æ³ï¼å·¥ä½äººå¡å°ä¸æ¹å®è»æ¾å¨åæ¬çæéï¼ä½ä¸¦æ²æéå¨åæ¬ä¸ã第äºç¨®æ æ³ï¼å·¥ä½äººå¡å°ä¸æ¹å®è»ç´æ¥éå¨åæ¬ä¸ãçµæç¼ç¾ï¼å¨ç¬¬ä¸ç¨®æ æ³ä¸ï¼82%è»ä¸»æéåè»å ´çè¦åï¼ç´æ¥è¹²ä¸èº«åå©ç¨åæ¿ä¸çå°æ´é²å ¥è»å ´ãç¸åå¨ç¬¬äºç¨®æ æ³ï¼å®è»è»ä¸»æ²æéåè»å ´å®åï¼éæåªæ27%çè»ä¸»æéåè»è»å ´çå®åã</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="ç ´çªå®å¾-åå¦è¡ä¸æå¡é´-æå¢å å¸æ°ææ£åå¾çæ©æ"><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color">ç ´çªå®å¾ï¼åå¦è¡ä¸æå¡é´ï¼æå¢å å¸æ°ææ£åå¾çæ©æï¼</mark></h3>



<p>è¡çºå¿çå¸å®¶åºæ¯·å±å(Kees Keizer) åéæ¾ç¶é²è¡äºä¸åéæ¼ç ´çªææç實é©ï¼ä»åæ³äºè§£ä¸ä¸ç°å¢çè½è®ï¼æå¦å°äººåè¡çºä½åºåææ§æå½±é¿ãéå實é©å¨è·èä¸éè³¼ç©ä¸å¿å¤é²è¡çï¼ç¶å°æ¨é·äººå¡é常æä¹èè»ä¸»é²å ¥åå ´è³¼ç©çæåï¼å°æ¨å»£å®å¼µæ¾å¨ç§å®¶è»è»é ç¶ç¼ä½ç½®ï¼ä»¥ä¾¿è»ä¸»åä¾å¾çè¦ãæ£å¸¸ä¾èªªï¼ç¶è»ä¸»åå°ç¨è»ï¼çå°ä¸é¢ç宣å³å®å¼µï¼çå®å®å¼µå¾å¾å¾ææå ©åèåï¼ç¬¬ä¸å°±æ¯å°å®£å³å®å¼µæ¾é²è»å §ï¼ç´è³ç¼ç¾åå¾æ¡¶æææ£ã第äºå°±æ¯å°å®£å³å®å¼µå³å ´ææ£ï¼ä¹å°±æ¯é¨å°ææ£åå¾ã</p>



<p>å·¥ä½äººå¡å°å¯¦é©åçºå ©é¨ä»½é²è¡ãå¨ç¬¬ä¸é¨ä»½ï¼å·¥ä½äººå¡èµ°å°åå ´éè¿ä¸æ¢å°å··ï¼éæ¢å°å··ççå£ä¸¦æ²æä»»ä½å¡é´ï¼ç¶å¾å·¥ä½äººå¡å°å®£å³å®å¼µæ¾å¨æ³å·¦éå°å··ä¸çè»ä¸ï¼ç¶å¾ä¾¿é¢éï¼ä¸¦è§å¯è»ä¸»åä¾çåæãçµæç¼ç¾ï¼å¤§é¨ä»½è»ä¸»åä¾å¾ç¼ç¾å®£å³å®å¼µï¼ç°é¡§åå¨æ²æç¼ç¾åå¾æ¡¶å¾ï¼ç´33%è»ä¸»æå°å®£å³å®å¼µå³å ´ææ£å¨å°ä¸ã</p>



<p>實é©ç第äºé¨ä»½ï¼å·¥ä½äººå¡é å å°å°å··ççå£å¡ä¸å¡é´ï¼ä¸¦ä¸å°å®£å³å®å¼µæ¾ç½®æ¼ç§å®¶è»ä¸ï¼ç¶å¾é¢é並è§å¯è»ä¸»åä¾å¾çåæãçµæç¼ç¾ï¼æå¡é´çå°å··ä¸ï¼æ69%è»ä¸»æå³å ´ææ£å®£å³å®å¼µå¨å°ä¸ãç±æ¼äººåèªçºå¡é´ä»£è¡¨éè£æ²»å®ä¸å¥½ï¼æ¼æ¯ä»åç¼ç¾çä¸æå¡é´ï¼ä»åå°æ¼èªå·±çè¡çºç®¡æä¹æç¸å°è¼ä½ï¼ä»åä¹è¨±ææ³å°ï¼ãåæ£éè£æ²»å®ä¸å¥½ï¼ä¸å·®æå¨éè£é¨è¡ææ£ä¸å¼µåå¾å¢ããéå°±æ¯ç ´çªå®å¾ï¼ç¶ç¤¾æä¸æä¸å¥½çæ±è¥¿ï¼éäºä¸å¥½çè¡çºæ¯æå³æçï¼èä¸å½±é¿ä¸å®æ¢å¨æ¼æ¬èº«çè¡çºï¼ä¹æèªç¼å ¶ä»ä¸å¥½çè¡çºã</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"></h3>



<script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5827717744962750"
 crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- Display Ad -->
<ins class="adsbygoogle"
 style="display:block"
 data-ad-client="ca-pub-5827717744962750"
 data-ad-slot="7777107619"
 data-ad-format="auto"
 data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins>
<script>
 (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
</script>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/psychology-is-funny-2/"><img src="https://www.benarticle.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ãå¿çå¯ä»¥å¾å¥½ç©2ã網ä¸å ¨æ¸ç-1024x302.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7215"/></a></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/learn-creative-ep/"><img src="https://www.benarticle.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ãæ·ºè«åµæå¸ã網ä¸å ¨æ¸ç-1024x302.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-6865"/></a></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/psychology-is-funny/"><img src="https://www.benarticle.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ãå¿çå¯ä»¥å¾å¥½ç©ã網ä¸å ¨æ¸ç-1024x302.png" alt="" class="wp-image-6864"/></a></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/aesops-fables-content/"><img src="https://www.benarticle.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ãä¼ç´¢å¯è¨-港è¯æ¬ã網ä¸å ¨æ¸ç-1024x302.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-6863"/></a></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/inspiration-book-ep/"><img src="https://www.benarticle.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ãçæ³äººç說ææ¸ã網ä¸å ¨æ¸ç-1024x302.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-6861"/></a></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/learn-management-book/"><img src="https://www.benarticle.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ãæ·ºè«ç®¡çå¸ã網ä¸å ¨æ¸ç-1024x302.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-6860"/></a></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://www.benarticle.com/adv-is-funny/"><img src="https://www.benarticle.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ã廣åå¯ä»¥å¾å¥½ç©ã網ä¸å ¨æ¸ç-1-1024x302.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-6872"/></a></figure>



<p></p>



<p class="has-text-align-center">åµå¿æç« ã好人好äºãå¿éå°åãå¿çå¸ãåµæãåµæ°ã管çãæ äºãéµè¼ªãæ éãæ¸ãåäººæ ¼è¨ãç¥ç§æ äºãX-file</p>



<p class="has-text-align-center">人çå°å¸«ãæç« å享ãèªéã網ä¸å¸ç¿ã網ä¸æ¸ç±ãæç« ãæ äºãç¬è©±ãä½³å¥ ãé¦æ¸¯</p>

【心理文章】破窗理論(Broken windows Theory)
